Cerebral Palsy: Etiologi hingga Tatalaksana

Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common non-progressive neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by impairments in motor function and posture. This condition manifests across a wide clinical spectrum. The purpose of this article is to serve as a reference for research on cerebral palsy, which frequently affects individuals in society. Various etiological and risk factors play significant roles in the causes of CP. In many cases, the exact cause remains unclear. Hypoxia or cerebral asphyxia during fetal development was once thought to be a primary contributing factor to CP. Antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors can all contribute to the development of CP. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical assessment. The management of cerebral palsy aims to enhance functional abilities, promote independence, and address secondary complications. Main approaches include physical and occupational therapies, the use of assistive devices, orthopedic surgery for motor issues, and medical or surgical management for underlying health conditions. This review provides an overview of the etiological factors, pathophysiology, and treatment approaches for cerebral palsy.


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